{"id":209,"date":"2022-01-26T22:02:13","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T20:02:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/?page_id=209"},"modified":"2023-08-31T18:18:22","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T16:18:22","slug":"radiotherapy-in-breast-cancer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/radiotherapy-in-breast-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Radiotherapy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-accent-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">In this topic the learner is introduced to physics of radiotherapy, principles of linear accelerator, importance of radiotherapy pre-treatment procedures, treatment planning, daily treatment and side-effects of radiotherapy as well a short overview of breast cancer brachytherapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-accent-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\">Learning outcomes:<br>1. Demonstrates critical understanding of the basics of physical principles in relation to Radiotherapy (ionizing radiation, exposure, dose). <br>2. Concept of breast cancer external beam and radiotherapy brachytherapy treatment planning process (simulation, contouring, volumes, dosimetry) and daily treatment, including common side-effects and their management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Learning material and test your knowledge: Physics and biology of radiotherapy and principles of the linear accelerator<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These two presentations contain screen lectures and activities to test your knowledge. Navigate by using the arrows below the presentations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-58\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"58\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Radiation physics\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-61\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"61\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Radiation biology\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>PDF of presentations: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Radiobiology.pdf\">Radiation biology <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Radiation-physics.pdf\">Radiation physics<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:28px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Take a look at the Prezi presentation of the principles of the linear accelerator. Please enter the presentation&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/4gz1qfePsGN7TG6JOeq1\/\">The principles of the Linear accelerator<\/a>. Navigate inside prezi presentation by using arrows below the presentation to proceed logically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/4gz1qfePsGN7TG6JOeq1\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Frontpage-LINAC.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Frontpage-LINAC.png 1920w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Frontpage-LINAC-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Frontpage-LINAC-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Frontpage-LINAC-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Frontpage-LINAC-100x56.png 100w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Frontpage-LINAC-1536x864.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Principles-of-LINAC.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Above you find a voice over of the Prezi presentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background\"><strong>Test your knowledge&nbsp;on the LINAC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Drag and drop the component name at the bottom of the picture to the correct placement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-60\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"60\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"LINAC - Drag and drop\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background\"><strong>Mandatory reading<\/strong> <strong>on physics and biology of radiotherapy and principles of the linear accelerator<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The exam also includes questions from this materials. Please read the articles and other written material. It takes about&nbsp;7-8 hours for you to read through the material. In the first reference, sections on historical persons or non-medical examples may be omitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mn.uio.no\/fysikk\/tjenester\/kunnskap\/straling\/radiation-and-health-2015.pdf\">Henriksen T. Radiation and Health: University of Oslo; 2015.<\/a> Chapters 1-3, 5, 10. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www-pub.iaea.org\/MTCD\/Publications\/PDF\/Pub1196_web.pdf\">Podgorsak EB. Treatment Machines for External Beam Radiotherapy. In: Podgorsak EB, editor. Radiation oncology physics: A handbook for teachers and students: IAEA; 2005. p. 123-60.<\/a> Section 5.5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www-pub.iaea.org\/MTCD\/Publications\/PDF\/Pub1196_web.pdf\">Suntharalingam N, Podgorsak EB, Hendry JH. Basic radiobiology. In: Podgorsak EB, editor. Radiation oncology physics: A handbook for teachers and students: IAEA; 2005. p. 485-504.<\/a> Chapter 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Try to answer these questions while reading:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is the relation between photon energy and frequency for electromagnetic radiation? What is the relation between photon energy and wavelength?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the differences between X-rays and gamma-rays?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is ionisation? Which processes causes ionisation of atoms in human tissue during radiotherapy?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explain how the thickness of an attenuating material affects the attenuation of radiation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explain how the distance from a point-like radiation source affects the intensity of radiation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is a \u201cDepth dose curve\u201d, and which factors affect the depth of maximum absorbed dose?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How does the LINAC work, and what are the differences between the photon-production mode and electron-production mode?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the differences between direct and indirect effects of radiation in the cell?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How does the concentration of oxygen affect the sensitivity to radiation of the cell?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explain the term \u201cTherapeutic ratio\u201d. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the 5 Rs of radiotherapy?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:44px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Learning material: R<\/strong><strong>adiotherapy pre-treatment procedures <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A demo video of Tartu University Hospital of Haematology and Oncology illustrates patients pathway after getting a decision to proceed with radiotherapy. <br>This video contains phases like treatment planning CT scan, contouring organs at risk, delineation of clinical and planned target volume, creating a treatment plan and coming to the daily treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Radiotherapy planning phase and delivery\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/w7oViW6q2vc?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Learning material and test your knowledge: Radiotherapy planning in breast cancer treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take a look Prezi presentation of radiotherapy planning. Please enter the presentation <a href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/NFwLyufTEBXdzI2uZtum\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/NFwLyufTEBXdzI2uZtum\/\">Radiotherapy planning<\/a>. Navigate inside prezi presentation by using arrows below the presentation to proceed logically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/NFwLyufTEBXdzI2uZtum\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/prezi-2-1-1024x574.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1973\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/prezi-2-1-1024x574.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/prezi-2-1-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/prezi-2-1-768x430.png 768w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/prezi-2-1-100x56.png 100w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/prezi-2-1-1536x861.png 1536w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/prezi-2-1.png 1579w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Voiceover-of-Radiotherapy-planning.mp3\"><\/audio><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Above you find a voice over of the Prezi presentation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>What did you learn? Test how well you learned the topic <em>radiotherapy planning in breast cancer treatment <\/em>with the test below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-24\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"24\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Quiz Radiotherapy planning (test your knowledge)\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Learning material: Daily treatment of breast cancer <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" id=\"tw-target-text\">This is a presentation that contains both text and film clips. You will learn about the daily treatment of breast cancer patients. Inside the film clips there are reflection questions you can answer to test your knowlegde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-34\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"34\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Daily treatment for BC patients\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Learning material: Side-effects of radiotherapy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here you find a Prezi presentation of side-effects of radiotherapy. Please enter the presentation <a href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/ptBUES95Mhw9eBs0KMBx\/\">side-effects of radiotherapy<\/a>. Navigate inside prezi presentation by using arrows below the presentation to proceed logically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/ptBUES95Mhw9eBs0KMBx\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"571\" src=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/sideeffetsfront-1024x571.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/sideeffetsfront-1024x571.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/sideeffetsfront-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/sideeffetsfront-768x428.png 768w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/sideeffetsfront-100x56.png 100w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/sideeffetsfront.png 1513w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-499290b7-2984-4c5e-941e-42c5f6f672ad\" href=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Side-effects-of-Radiotherapy_LRandle_eBreast2_ver2-1.pdf\"><br>PDF of presentation<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Side-effects-of-Radiotherapy_LRandle_eBreast2_ver2-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-499290b7-2984-4c5e-941e-42c5f6f672ad\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-background-color-background-color has-background has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Learning material: Brachytherapy for breast cancer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Here you find a Prezi presentation of brachytherapy for breast cancer. Please enter the presentation <a href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/oRye4CZEpCNjoXp26ODi\/\">brachytherapy for breast cancer<\/a>. Navigate inside prezi presentation by using arrows below the presentation to proceed logically.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/prezi.com\/view\/oRye4CZEpCNjoXp26ODi\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"656\" src=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bbc-1024x656.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bbc-1024x656.png 1024w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bbc-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bbc-768x492.png 768w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bbc-100x64.png 100w, https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/bbc.png 1525w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-774442c4-9395-45c0-b11f-c4cbf05a069d\" href=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Brachytherapy-for-breast-cancer-1.pdf\">PDF of presentation<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Brachytherapy-for-breast-cancer-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-774442c4-9395-45c0-b11f-c4cbf05a069d\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-header-gradient-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-header-gradient-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignwide is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 has-custom-font-size has-medium-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-header-gradient-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/systemic-anticancer-therapies-in-breast-cancer\/\">Systemic anticancer therapies<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50 has-custom-font-size\" style=\"font-size:19px\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-header-gradient-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/breast-cancer-treatment-related-emergencies\/\">Treatment related emergencies<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction In this topic the learner is introduced to physics of radiotherapy, principles of linear accelerator, importance of radiotherapy pre-treatment procedures, treatment planning, daily treatment and side-effects of radiotherapy as well a short overview of breast cancer brachytherapy. Learning outcomes:1. Demonstrates critical understanding of the basics of physical principles in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-209","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/209"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=209"}],"version-history":[{"count":170,"href":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/209\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4902,"href":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/209\/revisions\/4902"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ebreast2.openaccessmaterial.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}